Penalties under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 — What Employers Should Know

Code in force from 21 November 2025 · Industrial Relations (Central) Rules, 2026 notified 8 May 2026 · Subsumes the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, the Trade Unions Act, 1926 and the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946

1. Employer penalties — lay-off, retrenchment and closure

If you do thisSectionPunishment
Lay off, retrench or close down without the prior permission of the appropriate Government
Applies to non-seasonal industrial establishments with 300 or more workers
86(1)
r/w 78, 79, 80
₹1,00,000 to ₹10,00,000
Repeat of the above after conviction86(2)₹5,00,000 to ₹20,00,000, or jail up to 6 months, or both
Fail to pay lay-off compensation; retrench without the required notice and compensation; fail to pay compensation on transfer of the establishment or on closure86(3)
r/w 67, 70, 73, 75
₹50,000 to ₹2,00,000
Repeat of the above after conviction86(4)₹1,00,000 to ₹5,00,000, or jail up to 6 months, or both
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8 more sections in Professional & Enterprise

You are reading the free preview. The rest of this sheet is part of the Professional (Rs 360/month) and Enterprise (Rs 1,360/month) plans.

  • 2. Standing orders
  • 3. Unfair labour practices, settlements and awards
  • 4. Strikes and lock-outs
  • 5. Trade union office-bearers
  • 6. Common mistakes that lead to penalty
  • 7. How proceedings start, and how they can be settled
  • 8. Who may be prosecuted — Section 88
  • 9. Six actions that prevent most of this